Animal physiology is biological sub-discipline that tries to understand how animals function in physical and chemical terms. Physiologists study the principles, processes, and mechanisms that underpin biological activity, including cellular systems of molecular interactions and organismal systems of interacting cells and tissues. They also look at how these functions are influenced by the organism's evolutionary history, environment, size, shape, and structure, as well as physical and chemical laws. The common goal of physiologists is to comprehend the integrated functioning of the entire body, as well as the methods by which physiological activities are regulated.

This introductory course will attempt to reflect this scope and convey the enthusiasm of physiological research by using a variety of conceptual and experimental approaches. In a comparative approach, this course will use examples from all around the animal kingdom. The purpose of this course is to give students a firm foundation in the cellular basis of animal physiology, with a focus on homeostasis and the endocrine system. The relevance of homeostasis and the endocrine system in the reproductive, osmoregulatory, and digestive systems of animals will be discussed further in this course. Furthermore, we will make an effort to demonstrate the importance of experimentation in the development of our knowledge about living animals.